Since Lactobacilli dominate the urogenital flora of healthy premenopausal women, the restoration of this urogenital flora helps protect against UTIs. Cranberry Extract supplies compounds called proanthocyanidins which are capable of wrapping around E. coli bacteria–the cause of most urinary tract infections (UTIs)–and preventing it from adhering to the urinary tract wall. It also seems to have the same effect against other urinary tract pathogens through contributing to infection fighting. D-Mannose interferes with the adhesion of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Proteus mirabilis, and some Salmonella bacteria to the urinary tract. By binding to bacteria in urine, the bacteria remain free in the urine and are eliminated upon urination. This provides protection from urinary tract infections (UTIs).